ANZICS CORE Publications

1. Barreto, S. G., Kaambwa, B., Venkatesh, K., Sasson, S. C., Andersen, C., Delaney, A., Bihari, S., & Pilcher, D. (2023). Mortality and costs related to severe acute pancreatitis in the intensive care units of Australia and New Zealand (ANZ), 2003–2020. Pancreatology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pan.2023.04.0062. Coulson, T. G.,

2. Pilcher, D. V., & Reilly, J. R. (2022). Predicting morbidity in colorectal surgery: one step on the way to improving outcomes? Anaesthesia, 77(12), 1332–1335. https://doi.org/10.1111/anae.15872

3. Darvall, J. N., Bellomo, R., Bailey, M., Young, P. J., & Pilcher, D. (2022). Frailty in the ICU: information is the required first step. Intensive Care Medicine, 48(9), 1260–1261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-022-06837-4

4. Doherty, Z. B., Fletcher, J. A., Fuzzard, K. L., Leach, M. J., O’Sullivan, B. G., Panozzo, L. E., Pound, G. M., Saka, E., & Kippen, R. J. (2022). Functional outcomes following an in-hospital cardiac arrest: A retrospective cohort study. Australian Critical Care: Official Journal of the Confederation of Australian Critical Care Nurses, 35(4), 424–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aucc.2021.07.002

5. Doherty, Z., Savage, N., Milne, C., & Pilcher, D. (2022). Vascular surgery patients in intensive care: a bi-national cohort study over 15 years. ANZ Journal of Surgery. https://doi.org/10.1111/ans.18080

6. Duronjic, A., Ku, D., Chavan, S., Bucci, T., Taylor, S., & Pilcher, D. (2023). The impact of language barriers & interpreters on critical care patient outcomes. Journal of Critical Care, 73, 154182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2022.154182

7. Gilholm, P., Gibbons, K., Brüningk, S., Klatt, J., Vaithianathan, R., Long, D., Millar, J., Tomaszewski, W., Schlapbach, L. J., Ganeshalingam, A., Sherring, C., Erickson, S., Barr, S., Raman, S., Long, D., Schlapbach, L., Gibbons, K., George, S., Singh, P., … the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS) Centre for Outcomes & Resource Evaluation (CORE) and ANZICS Paediatric Study Group (ANZICS PSG). (2023). Machine learning to predict poor school performance in paediatric survivors of intensive care: a population-based cohort study. Intensive Care Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-023-07137-1

8. Ishii, E., Nawa, N., Hashimoto, S., Shigemitsu, H., & Fujiwara, T. (2023). Development, validation, and feature extraction of a deep learning model predicting in-hospital mortality using Japan’s largest national ICU database: a validation framework for transparent clinical Artificial Intelligence (cAI) development. Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain Medicine, 42(2), 101167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accpm.2022.101167

9. Jones, D., Moran, J., Udy, A., Pilcher, D., Delaney, A., Peake, S. L., & ARISE-TRIPS study investigators. (2022). Temporal changes in the epidemiology of sepsis-related intensive care admissions from the emergency department in Australia and New Zealand. Emergency Medicine Australasia: EMA, 34(6), 995–1003. https://doi.org/10.1111/1742-6723.14034

10. Kumar, A., Doola, R., Zahumensky, A., Shaikh, A., Tabah, A., Laupland, K. B., & Ramanan, M. (2023). Association between Elevated Lactate and Clinical Outcomes in Adults with Diabetic Ketoacidosis (SSRN Scholarly Paper No. 4423409). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4423409

11. Lu, P., Burrell, A., Bailey, M., Moore, E., Pilcher, D., & Cleland, H. (2022). Performance of BEAMS Risk of Death Score for Mortality Prediction in Australian and New Zealand Burns Patients. Journal of Burn Care & Research: Official Publication of the American Burn Association, 43(6), 1434–1439. https://doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irac053

12. Majeed, A., Bailey, M., Kemp, W., Majumdar, A., Bellomo, R., Pilcher, D., & Roberts, S. K. (2023). Improved survival of cirrhotic patients with infections in Australian and New Zealand ICUs between 2005 and 2017. Liver International: Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver, 43(1), 49–59. https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.15285

13. Modra, L. J., Higgins, A. M., Pilcher, D. V., Bailey, M. J., & Bellomo, R. (2022). Sex Differences in Mortality of ICU Patients According to Diagnosis-related Sex Balance. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 206(11), 1353–1360. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202203-0539OC

14. Okahara, S., Snell, G. I., Levvey, B. J., McDonald, M., D’Costa, R., Opdam, H., & Pilcher, D. V. (2022). A prediction model to determine the untapped lung donor pool outside of the DonateLife network in Victoria. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, 50(5), 380–387. https://doi.org/10.1177/0310057X211070011

15. Poon, E. K. W., Kitsios, V., Pilcher, D., Bellomo, R., & Raman, J. (2023). Projecting Future Climate Impact on National Australian Respiratory-Related Intensive Care Unit Demand. Heart, Lung and Circulation. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2022.12.001

16. Quintairos, A., Haniffa, R., Dongelmans, D., Salluh, J. I. F., & LOGIC (Linking of Global Intensive Care). (2022). International Comparisons of ICU Performance: A Proposed Approach to Severity Scoring Systems. Critical Care Medicine, 50(11), e799–e800. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000005619

17. Ross, P., Serpa-Neto, A., Tan, S. C., Watterson, J., Ilic, D., Hodgson, C. L., Udy, A., Litton, E., & Pilcher, D. (2023). The relationship between nursing skill mix and severity of illness of patients admitted in Australian and New Zealand intensive care units. Australian Critical Care, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aucc.2022.11.012

18. Sahle, B. W., Pilcher, D., Litton, E., Ofori-Asenso, R., Peter, K., McFadyen, J., & Bucknall, T. (2022). Association between frailty, delirium, and mortality in older critically ill patients: a binational registry study. Annals of Intensive Care, 12(1), 108. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-022-01080-y

19. Secombe, P., Millar, J., Litton, E., Chavan, S., Hensman, T., Hart, G. K., Slater, A., Herkes, R., Huckson, S., & Pilcher, D. V. (2023). Thirty years of ANZICS CORE: A clinical quality success story. Critical Care and Resuscitation. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccrj.2023.04.009

20. Subramaniam, A., Shekar, K., Anstey, C., Tiruvoipati, R., & Pilcher, D. (2022). Impact of frailty on clinical outcomes in patients with and without COVID-19 pneumonitis admitted to intensive care units in Australia and New Zealand: a retrospective registry data analysis. Critical Care (London, England), 26(1), 301. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-022-04177-9

21. Tabah, A., Ramanan, M., Bailey, R. L., Chavan, S., Baker, S., Huckson, S., Pilcher, D., & Litton, E. (2022). Family visitation policies, facilities, and support in Australia and New Zealand intensive care units: A multicentre, registry-linked survey. Australian Critical Care: Official Journal of the Confederation of Australian Critical Care Nurses, 35(4), 375–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aucc.2021.06.009

22. Tan, S. C., Evans, T., Durie, M. L., Secombe, P. J., & Pilcher, D. (2023). Mortality among people admitted to Australian intensive care units for reasons other than COVID-19 during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective cohort study. Medical Journal of Australia, 218(10), 467–473. https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.51933

23. Topple, M., Jaspers, R., Watterson, J., McClure, J., Rosenow, M., Pollock, W., & Pilcher, D. (2023). Nursing workforce deployment and intensive care unit strain during the COVID-19 pandemic in Victoria, Australia. Australian Critical Care: Official Journal of the Confederation of Australian Critical Care Nurses, 36(1), 84–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aucc.2022.12.001

24. Tsai, D., Chiong, F., Secombe, P., Hnin, K. M., Stewart, P., Goud, R., Woodman, R., Lipman, J., Roberts, J., & Hewagama, S. (2022). Epidemiology and microbiology of severe community-acquired pneumonia in Central Australia: a retrospective study. Internal Medicine Journal, 52(6), 1048–1056. https://doi.org/10.1111/imj.15171

25. Veerappa, S., Orosz, J., Bailey, M., Pilcher, D., & Jones, D. (2023). The epidemiology of in-hospital cardiac arrest patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit in Australia – A retrospective observational study. Internal Medicine Journal. https://doi.org/10.1111/imj.16007

26. Wunsch, H., Pilcher, D. V., Litton, E., Anstey, M., Garland, A., & Gershengorn, H. B. (2022). Variation in Bed-to-Physician Ratios During Weekday Daytime Hours in ICUs in Australia and New Zealand. Critical Care Medicine, 50(12), 1737–1747. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000005623

1. Bekker, M. A., Rai, S., Arbous, M. S., Georgousopoulou, E. N., Pilcher, D. V., & van Haren, F. M. P. (2021). Annual prevalence, characteristics, and outcomes of intensive care patients with skin or soft tissue infections in Australia and New Zealand: A retrospective cohort study between 2006-2017. Australian Critical Care, 34(5), 403–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aucc.2020.10.013

2. Bihari, S., McElduff, P., Pearse, J., Cho, O., & Pilcher, D. (2022). Intensive care unit strain and mortality risk in patients admitted from the ward in Australia and New Zealand. Journal of Critical Care, 68, 136–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2021.07.018

3. Corrigan, C., Duke, G., Millar, J., Paul, E., Butt, W., Gordon, M., Coleman, J., Pilcher, D., & Oberender, F. (2022). Admissions of Children and Adolescents With Deliberate Self-harm to Intensive Care During the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak in Australia. JAMA Network Open, 5(5), e2211692. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.11692

4. Darvall, J. N., Bellomo, R., Bailey, M., Young, P. J., Rockwood, K., & Pilcher, D. (2022). Impact of frailty on persistent critical illness: a population-based cohort study. Intensive Care Medicine, 48(3), 343–351. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-022-06617-0

5. Darvall, J. N., Bellomo, R., Paul, E., Bailey, M., Young, P. J., Reid, A., Rockwood, K., & Pilcher, D. (2021). Routine Frailty Screening in Critical Illness: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Australia and New Zealand. Chest, 160(4), 1292–1303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2021.05.049

6. Doherty, Z. B., Fletcher, J. A., Fuzzard, K. L., Leach, M. J., O’Sullivan, B. G., Panozzo, L. E., Pound, G. M., Saka, E., & Kippen, R. J. (2022). Functional outcomes following an in-hospital cardiac arrest: A retrospective cohort study. Australian Critical Care: Official Journal of the Confederation of Australian Critical Care Nurses, 35(4), 424–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aucc.2021.07.002

7. Doherty, Z., Kippen, R., Bevan, D., Duke, G., Williams, S., Wilson, A., & Pilcher, D. (2022). Long-term outcomes of hospital survivors following an ICU stay: A multi-centre retrospective cohort study. PloS One, 17(3), e0266038. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.026603

8. Dunlop, W. A., Secombe, P. J., Agostino, J. W., & van Haren, F. M. P. (2022). Characteristics and outcomes of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients with dialysis-dependent kidney disease in Australian intensive care units. Internal Medicine Journal, 52(3), 458–467. https://doi.org/10.1111/imj.15077

9. Frauenfelder, C. A., Raith, E. P., Krishnan, S., Udy, A., & Pilcher, D. (2021). Outcomes for head and neck cancer patients admitted to intensive care in Australia and New Zealand between 2000 and 2016. The Journal of Laryngology and Otology, 135(8), 702–709. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022215121001602

10. Heffernan, A. J., Judge, S., Petrie, S. M., Godahewa, R., Bergmeir, C., Pilcher, D., & Nanayakkara, S. (2022). Association Between Urine Output and Mortality in Critically Ill Patients: A Machine Learning Approach. Critical Care Medicine, 50(3), e263–e271. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000005310

11. Johnston, C., Subramaniam, A., Orosz, J., Burrell, A., Neto, A. S., Young, M., Bailey, M., Pilcher, D., Udy, A., & Jones, D. (2022). Intensive care admissions following rapid response team reviews in patients with COVID-19 in Australia. Critical Care and Resuscitation, 24(2), 106–115. https://doi.org/10.3316/informit.494941947967884

12. Litton, E., Atkinson, H., Anstey, J., Anstey, M., Campbell, L. T., Forbes, A., Hahn, R., Hooper, K., Kasza, J., Knapp, S., McGain, F., Ngyuen, N., Pilcher, D., Reddi, B., Reid, C., Robinson, S., Thompson, K., Webb, S., & Young, P. (2021). Optimising a targeted test reduction intervention for patients admitted to the intensive care unit: The Targeted Intensive Care Test Ordering Cluster Trial intervention. Australian Critical Care: Official Journal of the Confederation of Australian Critical Care Nurses, 34(5), 419–426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aucc.2020.11.003

13. Litton, E., Huckson, S., Chavan, S., Bucci, T., Holley, A., Everest, E., Kelly, S., McGloughlin, S., Millar, J., Nguyen, N., Nicholls, M., Secombe, P., & Pilcher, D. (2021). Increasing ICU capacity to accommodate higher demand during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Medical Journal of Australia, 215(11), 513–517. https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.51318

14. Magee, F., Wilson, A., Bailey, M., Pilcher, D., Gabbe, B., & Bellomo, R. (2021). Comparison of Intensive Care and Trauma-specific Scoring Systems in Critically Ill Patients. Injury, 52(9), 2543–2550. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2021.03.049

15. Mochizuki, K., Fujii, T., Paul, E., Anstey, M., Uchino, S., Pilcher, D. V., & Bellomo, R. (2021). Acidemia subtypes in critically ill patients: An international cohort study. Journal of Critical Care, 64, 10–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2021.02.006

16. Modra, L., Higgins, A., Vithanage, R., Abeygunawardana, V., Bailey, M., & Bellomo, R. (2021). Sex differences in illness severity and mortality among adult intensive care patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Critical Care, 65, 116–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2021.05.019

17. Mullany, D. V., Pilcher, D. V., & Dobson, A. J. (2021). Associations Between Socioeconomic Status, Patient Risk, and Short-Term Intensive Care Outcomes. Critical Care Medicine, 49(9), e849–e859. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000005051

18. Nanjayya, V. B., Doherty, Z., Gupta, N., Alexander, T., Chavan, S., Pilcher, D., & Bray, J. (2021). Rehabilitation outcomes of survivors of cardiac arrest admitted to ICUs in Australia and New Zealand (ROSC ANZ): A data linkage study. Resuscitation, 169, 156–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.09.008

19. Okahara, S., Levvey, B., McDonald, M., D’Costa, R., Opdam, H., Pilcher, D. V., & Snell, G. I. (2022). An Audit of Lung Donor Pool: Optimal Current Donation Strategies and the Potential of Novel Time-Extended Donation After Circulatory Death Donation. Heart, Lung & Circulation, 31(2), 285–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hlc.2021.05.094

20. Okahara, S., Subramaniam, A., Darvall, J. N., Ueno, R., Bailey, M., & Pilcher, D. V. (2022). The Relationship between Frailty and Mechanical Ventilation: A Population-based Cohort Study. Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 19(2), 264–271. https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.202102-178OC

21. Pilcher, D. V., Duke, G., Rosenow, M., Coatsworth, N., O, ’Neill Genevieve, Tobias, T. A., McGloughlin, S., Holley, A., Warrillow, S., Cattigan, C., Huckson, S., Sberna, G., & McClure, J. (2021). Assessment of a novel marker of ICU strain, the ICU Activity Index, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Victoria, Australia. Critical Care and Resuscitation, 23(3), 300–307. https://doi.org/10.3316/informit.149989751064828

22. Ramanan, M., Kumar, A., Anstey, C., & Shekar, K. (2021). Non-home discharge after cardiac surgery in Australia and New Zealand: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 11(12), e049187. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049187

23. Reid, A. L., Bailey, M., Harwood, M., Moore, J. E., & Young, P. J. (2022). Outcomes for Māori and European patients admitted to New Zealand intensive care units between 2009 and 2018. The New Zealand Medical Journal, 135(1550), 26–46.

24. Sahle, B. W., Pilcher, D., Peter, K., McFadyen, J. D., & Bucknall, T. (2022). Trends and risk factors for omission of early thromboprophylaxis in Australian and New Zealand ICUs between 2009 and 2020. Intensive Care Medicine, 48(5), 590–598. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-022-06672-7

25. Secombe, P., Campbell, L., Brown, A., Bailey, M., & Pilcher, D. (2021a). Alcohol misuse and critical care admissions in the Northern Territory. Internal Medicine Journal, 51(9), 1433–1440. https://doi.org/10.1111/imj.15212

26. Secombe, P., Campbell, L., Brown, A., Bailey, M., & Pilcher, D. (2021b). Hazardous and harmful alcohol use in the Northern Territory, Australia: the impact of alcohol policy on critical care admissions using an extended sampling period. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 116(10), 2653–2662. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.15432

27. Tiruvoipati, R., Serpa Neto, A., Young, M., Marhoon, N., Wilson, J., Gupta, S., Pilcher, D., Bailey, M., & Bellomo, R. (2022). An Exploratory Analysis of the Association between Hypercapnia and Hospital Mortality in Critically Ill Patients with Sepsis. Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 19(2), 245–254. https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.202102-104OC

28. Tomaszewski, W., Ablaza, C., Straney, L., Taylor, C., Millar, J., & Schlapbach, L. J. (2022). Educational Outcomes of Childhood Survivors of Critical Illness—A Population-Based Linkage Study*. Critical Care Medicine, 50(6), 901–912. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000005461

29. Tsai, D., Chiong, F., Secombe, P., Hnin, K. M., Stewart, P., Goud, R., Woodman, R., Lipman, J., Roberts, J., & Hewagama, S. (2022). Epidemiology and microbiology of severe community-acquired pneumonia in Central Australia: a retrospective study. Internal Medicine Journal, 52(6), 1048–1056. https://doi.org/10.1111/imj.15171

1. Beane, Abi, Dave A. Dongelmans, Ariel L. Fernandez, Bertrand Guidet, Rashan Haniffa, Mariadel Pilar Arias Lopez, David Pilcher, Jorge Salluh, Bharath Kumar Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan, and Linking of Global Intensive Care Collaboration (LOGIC). Time to Revisit Treatment Limitations in Critical Care Benchmarking. Critical Care Medicine 49, no. 4 (1 April 2021): e472–73. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000004834

2. Bhonagiri, Deepak, Harvey Lander, Malcolm Green, Lahn Straney, Daryl Jones, and David Pilcher. Reduction of In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Rates in Intensive Care-Equipped New South Wales Hospitals in Association with Implementation of Between the Flags Rapid Response System. Internal Medicine Journal 51, no. 3 (March 2021): 375–84. https://doi.org/10.1111/imj.14812

3. Blank, S. P., R. M. Blank, M. D. Ziegenfuss, and Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS) Centre for Outcomes & Resource Evaluation (CORE) for the ANZICS CORE Committee. The Importance of Hyperosmolarity in Diabetic Ketoacidosis. Diabetic Medicine: 37, no. 12 (December 2020): 2001–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.14277

4. Burrell, Aidan J. C., Andrew Udy, Lahn Straney, Sue Huckson, Shaila Chavan, Jostein Saethern, and David Pilcher. The ICU Efficiency Plot: A Novel Graphical Measure of ICU Performance in Australia and New Zealand. Critical Care and Resuscitation 23, no. 2 (June 2021): 128–31. https://doi.org/10.51893/2021.2.ed2

5. Coulson, Tim G., Michael Bailey, Chris Reid, Gil Shardey, Jenni Williams-Spence, Sue Huckson, Shaila Chavan, and David Pilcher. Linkage of Australian National Registry Data Using a Statistical Linkage Key. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 21, no. 1 (2 February 2021): 37. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-021-01393-1

6. Darvall, Jai N., Rinaldo Bellomo, Michael Bailey, Eldho Paul, Paul J. Young, Kenneth Rockwood, and David Pilcher. Frailty and Outcomes from Pneumonia in Critical Illness: A Population-Based Cohort Study. British Journal of Anaesthesia 125, no. 5 (November 2020): 730–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2020.07.049

7. Darvall, Jai N., Rinaldo Bellomo, Paul J. Young, Kenneth Rockwood, and David Pilcher. Frailty and Mortality in Patients with COVID-19. The Lancet. Public Health 5, no. 11 (November 2020): e580. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30228-0

8. Dongelmans, D. A., David Pilcher, Abigail Beane, Marcio Soares, Maria Del Pilar Arias Lopez, Ariel Fernandez, Bertrand Guidet, Rashan Haniffa, and Jorge I. F. Salluh. Linking of Global Intensive Care (LOGIC): An International Benchmarking in Critical Care Initiative. Journal of Critical Care 60 (December 2020): 305–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.08.031

9. Duke, Graeme J., John L. Moran, John D. Santamaria, and David V. Pilcher. ‘Sepsis’. Lancet (London, England) 396, no. 10265 (5 December 2020): 1805. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31606-8

10. Fitzpatrick, Leigh P., Bianca Levkovich, Steve McGloughlin, Edward Litton, Allen C. Cheng, Michael Bailey, and David Pilcher. Infection Management Processes in Intensive Care and Their Association with Mortality. The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 76, no. 7 (18 June 2021): 1920–27. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkab103

11. Forster, Gareth Mitchell, Shailesh Bihari, Ravindranath Tiruvoipati, Michael Bailey, and David Pilcher. The Association between Discharge Delay from Intensive Care and Patient Outcomes. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 202, no. 10 (15 November 2020): 1399–1406. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201912-2418OC

12. Heaney, Jonathan, Eldho Paul, David Pilcher, Caleb Lin, Andrew Udy, and Paul J. Young. Outcomes of Patients with Subarachnoid Haemorrhage Admitted to Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Units Following a Cardiac Arrest. Critical Care and Resuscitation 22, no. 3 (September 2020): 237–44.

13. Lange, Dylan W. de, Marcio Soares, and David Pilcher. ICU Beds: Less Is More? No. Intensive Care Medicine 46, no. 8 (August 2020): 1597–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-06089-0

14. Laupland, Kevin B., Alexis Tabah, Anthony D. Holley, Judith Bellapart, and David V. Pilcher. Decreasing Case-Fatality But Not Death Following Admission to ICUs in Australia, 2005-2018. Chest 159, no. 4 (April 2021): 1503–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.11.059

15. Litton, Edward, Bertrand Guidet, and Dylan de Lange. National Registries: Lessons Learnt from Quality Improvement Initiatives in Intensive Care. Journal of Critical Care 60 (December 2020): 311–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.08.012

16. Maiden, M. J., M. E. Finnis, G. J. Duke, Eys Huning, T Crozier, N. Nguyen, V. Biradar, C. McArthur, and D. Pilcher. Obstetric Admissions to Intensive Care Units in Australia and New Zealand: A Registry-Based Cohort Study. BJOG: 127, no. 12 1558–67. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.16285

17. Mochizuki, Katsunori, Tomoko Fujii, Eldho Paul, Matthew Anstey, David V. Pilcher, and Rinaldo Bellomo. ‘Early Metabolic Acidosis in Critically Ill Patients: A Binational Multicentre Study’. Critical Care and Resuscitation 23, no. 1 (16 May 2021): 67–75. https://doi.org/10.3316/informit.693817336396787

18. Modra, Lucy, David Pilcher, Michael Bailey, and Rinaldo Bellomo. Sex Differences in Intensive Care Unit Admissions in Australia and New Zealand. Critical Care and Resuscitation 23, no. 1 (March 2021): 86–93. https://doi.org/10.3316/informit.693854602339304

19. Namachivayam, Siva P., John B. Carlin, Johnny Millar, Janet Alexander, Sarah Edmunds, Anusha Ganeshalingham, Jamie Lew, et al. Gestational Age and Risk of Mortality in Term-Born Critically Ill Neonates Admitted to PICUs in Australia and New Zealand. Critical Care Medicine 48, no. 8 (August 2020): e648–56. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000004409

20. Okahara, Shuji, Gregory I. Snell, Mark McDonald, Rohit D’Costa, Helen Opdam, David V. Pilcher, and Bronwyn Levey. Improving the Predictability of Time to Death in Controlled Donation after Circulatory Death Lung Donors. Transplant International 34, no. 5 (May 2021): 906–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/tri.13862

21. Orosz, Judit, Michael Bailey, Andrew Udy, David Pilcher, Rinaldo Bellomo, and Daryl Jones. Unplanned ICU Admission From Hospital Wards After Rapid Response Team Review in Australia and New Zealand. Critical Care Medicine 48, no. 7 (July 2020): e550–56. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000004353

22. Pilcher, David, Nicholas R. Coatsworth, Melissa Rosenow, and Jason McClure. A National System for Monitoring Intensive Care Unit Demand and Capacity: The Critical Health Resources Information System (CHRIS). Medical Journal of Australia 214, no. 7 (29 March 2021). https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2021/214/7/national-system-monitoring-intensive-care-unit-demand-and-capacity-critical

23. Pilcher, David, and Matthew Durie. Learning from the First Wave of the Pandemic in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 203, no. 5 (1 March 2021): 532–34. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202101-0089ED

24. Twiss, Eric, Pieta Krijnen, and Inger Schipper. Accuracy and Reliability of Injury Coding in the National Dutch Trauma Registry. International Journal for Quality in Health Care 33, no. 1 (11 March 2021): mzab041. https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzab041

25. Weeden, M., M. Bailey, B. Gabbe, D. Pilcher, R. Bellomo, and A. Udy. Functional Outcomes in Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit with Traumatic Brain Injury and Exposed to Hyperoxia: A Retrospective Multicentre Cohort Study. Neurocritical Care 34, no. 2 (April 2021): 441–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12028-020-01033-y

26. Burrell AJC, Udy A, Straney L, Huckson S, Chavan S, Saethern J, Pilcher D. The ICU efficiency plot: a novel graphical marker of ICU performance in Australia and New Zealand. Crit Care Resusc. April 2021;23(2):128-131. https://doi.org/10.51893/2021.2.ed2

1. Paul J Secombe PJ, Brown A, Bailey MJ, Pilcher D. Critically ill Indigenous Australians and mortality: a complex story. Med J Aust. 2020 June 13; https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.50661

2. Litton E, Bucci T, Chavan S, Ho YY, Holley A, Howard G, Huckson S, Kwong P, Millar J, Nguyen N, Secombe P, Ziegenfuss M, Pilcher D Surge capacity of intensive care units in case of acute increase in demand caused by COVID-19 in Australia.20 June 2020. Med J Aus 212(10), 463–467. DOI: 5694/mja2.50596

3. Hicks P, Huckson S, Fenney E, Leggett I, Pilcher D, Litton E. The financial cost of intensive care in Australia: a multicentre registry study. Med J Aust.2019 Aug 16. DOI: 5694/mja2.50309

4. Berenyi F, Steinfort DP, Abdelhamid YA, Bailey MJ, Pilcher DV, Bellomo R, Finnis ME, Young PJ, Deane AM. Characteristics and outcomes of critically ill patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Australia and New Zealand. Annals of the American Thoracic Society. 2020 Jun;17(6):736-45. DOI: 1513/AnnalsATS.201911-821OC

5. Groves CP, Butland BK, Atkinson RW, Delaney AP, Pilcher DV. Intensive care admissions and outcomes associated with short-term exposure to ambient air pollution: a time series analysis. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46(6):1213‐1221. DOI: 1007/s00134-020-06052-z

6. Wilson AJ, Magee F, Bailey M, et al. Characteristics and Outcomes of Critically Ill Trauma Patients in Australia and New Zealand (2005-2017). Crit Care Med. 2020;48(5):717‐724. DOI: 1097/CCM.0000000000004284

7. Slater A, Straney L, Alexander J, Schell D, Millar J; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Paediatric Study Group and Centre for Outcomes and Resource Evaluation. The Effect of Imputation of PaO2/FIO2 From SpO2/FIO2 on the Performance of the Pediatric Index of Mortality 3. Pediatr Crit Care Med. June 2020;21(6):520‐525. DOI: 1097/PCC.0000000000002233

8. Gershengorn HB, Pilcher DV, Litton E, Anstey M, Garland A, Wunsch H. Association Between Consecutive Days Worked by Intensivists and Outcomes for Critically Ill Patients. Crit Care Med. 2020 Apr;48(4):594-598. DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000004202

9. Schlapbach LJ, Chiletti R, Straney L, Festa M, Alexander D, Butt W, MacLaren G; Australian & New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS) Centre for Outcomes & Resource Evaluation (CORE) and the Australian & New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS) Paediatric Study Group. Defining benefit threshold for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in children with sepsis-a binational multicenter cohort study. Crit Care. 2019 Dec 30;23(1):429. DOI: 1186/s13054-019-2685-1

10. P Secombe PJ, Stewart P, Brown A, Bailey MJ, Pilcher The impact of an alcohol floor price on critical care admissions in Central Australia. Med J Aust. 2019 Nov 12. DOI: 10.5694/mja2.50404

11. Mamtani M, Kulkarni H, Bihari S, Prakash S, Chavan S, Huckson S, Pilcher D. Degree of hyperglycemia independently associates with hospital mortality and length of stay in critically ill, nondiabetic patients: Results from the ANZICS CORE binational registry. J Crit Care. 2019 Nov 8; 55:149-156. DOI: 1016/j.jcrc.2019.11.003

12. Majeed A, Majumdar A, Bailey M, Kemp W, Bellomo R, Pilcher D, Roberts SK. Declining Mortality of Cirrhotic Variceal Bleeding Requiring Admission to Intensive Care: A Binational Cohort Study. Crit Care Med. 2019 Oct;47(10):1317-1323. DOI: 1097/CCM.0000000000003902

13. Darvall JN, Bellomo R, Paul E, Subramaniam A, Santamaria JD, Bagshaw SM, Rai S, Hubbard RE, Pilcher D. Frailty in very old critically ill patients in Australia and New Zealand: a population-based cohort study. Med J Aust. 2019 Sep 5. DOI: 5694/mja2.50329

14. Secombe PJ, Brown A, Bailey MJ, Pilcher D. Equity for Indigenous Australians in intensive care. Med J Aust. 2019 Sep 16. DOI: 5694/mja2.50339

15. Secombe P, Brown A, McAnulty G, Pilcher D. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander patients requiring critical care: characteristics, resource use, and outcomes. Crit Care Resusc. 2019 Sep;21(3):200-211. PMID: 31462207

16. Kulkarni H, Bihari S, Prakash S, Huckson S, Chavan S, Mamtani M, Pilcher D. Independent Association of Glucose Variability with Hospital Mortality in Adult Intensive Care Patients: Results from the Australia and New Zealand Intensive Care Registry. Critical Care Explorations 2019;1 DOI: 1097/CCE.0000000000000025

17. Majumdar A, Roberts SK, Pilcher D Are liver transplant centres critical for the critically ill patient with cirrhosis? Hepatol. 2019 Sep;71(3):637-638. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.05.007

18. Moynihan KM, Alexander PMA, Schlapbach LJ, Millar J, Jacobe S, Ravindranathan H, Croston EJ, Staffa SJ, Burns JP, Gelbart B; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Pediatric Study Group (ANZICS PSG) and the ANZICS Centre for Outcome and Resource Evaluation (ANZICS CORE) Epidemiology of childhood death in Australian and New Zealand intensive care units. Intensive Care Med. 2019 Sep;45(9):1262-1271. DOI: 1007/s00134-019-05675-1

19. Secombe P, Woodman R, Chan S, Pilcher D, van Haren F Epidemiology and outcomes of obese critically ill patients in Australia and New Zealand. Crit Care Resusc. 2020;22(1):35‐44. PMID: 32102641

20. Bhonagiri D, Lander H, Green M, Straney L, Jones D, Pilcher D Reduction of in hospital Cardiac arrest rates in Intensive care equipped NSW hospitals in association with Implementation of Between the Flags Rapid Response System. Intern Med J. 2020;10.1111/imj.14812. DOI: 10.1111/imj.14812

1. Abdelkarim, H., Durie, M., Bellomo, R., Bergmeir, C., Badawi, O., El-Khawas, K., & Pilcher, D. (2019). A comparison of characteristics and outcomes of patients admitted to the ICU with asthma in Australia and New Zealand and United states. Journal of Asthma, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/02770903.2019.1571082

2. Coulson, T. G., Gregson, B., Sandys, S., Nashef, S. A. M., Webb, S. T., Bailey, M., Reid, C. M., & Pilcher, D. (2018). Acute Risk Change: An Innovative Measure of Operative Adverse Events and Perioperative Team Performance. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia, 32(5), 2160–2166. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jvca.2018.01.014

3. Darvall, J. N., Durie, M., Pilcher, D., Wigmore, G., French, C., Karalapillai, D., McGain, F., Newbigin, E., Byrne, T., Sarode, V., Gelbart, B., Casamento, A., Dyett, J., Crosswell, A., Vetro, J., McCaffrey, J., Taori, G., Subramaniam, A., MacIsaac, C. Bellomo, R. (2018a). Intensive care implications of epidemic thunderstorm asthma. Critical Care and Resuscitation: Journal of the 20(4), 294–303.

4. George, S., Humphreys, S., Williams, T., Gelbart, B., Chavan, A., Rasmussen, K., Ganeshalingham, A., Erickson, S., Ganu, S. S., Singhal, N., Foster, K., Gannon, B., Gibbons, K., Schlapbach, L. J., Festa, M., Dalziel, S., Schibler, A., & Paediatric Critical Care Research Group (PCCRG), Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative (PREDICT) and the Australia and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Paediatric Study Group (ANZICS PSG). (2019). Transnasal Humidified Rapid Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange in children requiring emergent intubation (Kids THRIVE): a protocol for a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open, 9(2), e025997. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025997

5. Heldens, M., Schout, M., Hammond, N. E., Bass, F., Delaney, A., & Finfer, S. R. (2018). Sepsis incidence and mortality are underestimated in Australian intensive care unit administrative data. The Medical Journal of Australia, 209(6), 255–260. https://doi.org/10.5694/mja18.00168

6. Kaukonen, K.-M., Bailey, M., Pilcher, D., Cooper, D. J., & Bellomo, R. (2018). The systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria and their differential association with mortality. Journal of Critical Care, 46, 29–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2018.04.005

7. Magee, F., Wilson, A., Bailey, M. J., Pilcher, D., Secombe, P. J., Young, P., & Bellomo, R. (2018). Trauma-related admissions to intensive care units in Australia: the influence of Indigenous status on outcomes. The Medical Journal of Australia. https://doi.org/10.5694/mja2.12028

8. Majumdar, A., Roberts, S. K., & Pilcher, D. (2018). Out With the Old, in With the New: The Improved Prognosis of Critically Ill Patients With Cirrhosis. Critical Care Medicine, 46(10), e1017. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000003283

9. McCaffrey, J., Maiden, M. J., & Norrish, C. (2018). In-hospital cardiac arrests: events worth monitoring? Critical Care and Resuscitation: Journal of the Australasian Academy of Critical Care Medicine, 20(4), 320.

10. McSharry, B., Straney, L., Alexander, J., Gentles, T., Winlaw, D., Beca, J., Millar, J., Shann, F., Wilkins, B., Numa, A., Stocker, C., Erickson, S., Slater, A., & Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Paediatric Study Group and Centre for Outcomes and Resource Evaluation. (2019). RACHS – ANZ : A Modified Risk Adjustment in Congenital Heart Surgery Model for Outcome Surveillance in Australia and New Zealand. Journal of the American Heart Association, 8(9), e011390. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.118.011390

11. Nanayakkara, S., Fogarty, S., Tremeer, M., Ross, K., Richards, B., Bergmeir, C., Xu, S., Stub, D., Smith, K., Tacey, M., Liew, D., Pilcher, D., & Kaye, D. M. (2018). Characterising risk of in-hospital mortality following cardiac arrest using machine learning: A retrospective international registry study. PLoS Medicine, 15(11), e1002709. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002709

12. OʼBrien, Y., Chavan, S., Huckson, S., Russ, G., Opdam, H., & Pilcher, D. (2018). Predicting Expected Organ Donor Numbers in Australian Hospitals Outside of the Donate-Life Network Using the ANZICS Adult Patient Database. Transplantation, 102(8), 1323–1329. https://doi.org/10.1097/TP.0000000000002111

13. Salter, R., Bailey, M., Bellomo, R., Eastwood, G., Goodwin, A., Nielsen, N., Pilcher, D., Nichol, A., Saxena, M., Shehabi, Y., Young, P., & Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Centre for Outcome and Resource Evaluation (ANZICS-CORE). (2018). Changes in Temperature Management of Cardiac Arrest Patients Following Publication of the Target Temperature Management Trial. Critical Care Medicine, 46(11), 1722–1730. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000003339

14. Tiruvoipati, R., Pilcher, D., Botha, J., Buscher, H., Simister, R., & Bailey, M. (2018). Association of Hypercapnia and Hypercapnic Acidosis With Clinical Outcomes in Mechanically Ventilated Patients With Cerebral Injury. JAMA Neurology, 75(7), 818–826. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.0123